This study develops and provides initial evidence of validation for a formative assessment instrument based on the CARE² instructional design model (Culture, Collaboration, Agency, Agility, Relevance, Repetition, Evaluation, and Engagement). While the CARE² framework has been used to guide pedagogical design for international learners in higher education, it has not previously been operationalized as a systematic measurement tool. The primary objective of this study is to translate the model’s principles into measurable indicators that capture learners’ perceptions of instructional design features. Item development followed a multi-stage process, including construct definition, item generation aligned to each CARE² principle, expert review for content validity, and pilot testing with students enrolled in higher-education courses designed using the CARE² framework. The resulting instrument conceptualizes each principle as a distinct formative dimension representing non-interchangeable aspects of instructional design. Data were collected from a sample of students in a private business college in Denmark, and validation analyses were conducted to examine relationships among dimensions. Consistent with theoretical expectations that complementary instructional design features co-occur in effective learning environments, correlation analyses revealed moderate-to-strong positive associations among constructs (r = .355–.705, p < .001), providing initial evidence of nomological validity. Findings suggest that the CARE²-based instrument offers a structured, theory-driven approach to capturing learners' perceptions of instructional design. This work contributes a practical, adaptable measurement model that can support educational practitioners in evaluating and refining pedagogical strategies across diverse higher-education contexts.

Authors:
Karen Fujii, Niels Brock Copenhagen Business College, Denmark
Natalie Perez, University of Hawaii, United States

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Fujii is an associate professor at Niels Brock Copenhagen Business College in Copenhagen, Denmark. She is an MBA module leader, teaching international students in cross-cultural management and various marketing and business strategy programs.

Connect on Linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/karen-fujii/

Connect on ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen-Fujii-2

Additional website of interest
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qAJjn4sAAAAJ&hl=en

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